Title Page

Introduction

Abstract

Methods

Results

Research

Discussion

Bibliography

Other

Since this ISU is composed of two experiments, I will separate the results into two components also.

Crystallization

The crystallization of the samples did not turn out as well as I had hoped. They were not developed enough to send to the lab for analysis, as well as the many problems that plagued the actual crystallization process. One problem was the fact that the evaporation of the methanol from the solution was much too quick allowing the sample to become oxidized and forcing me to constantly re-suspend the sample until it became useless. The addition of water to the solution was added in order to alleviate this problem, yet I never found out exactly how much water was needed. At one point I added too much water which could have stunted the crystallization process. The small amount that did begin to crystallize, when viewed under a microscope looked needle-like in shape and was yellow-coloured. The first sample being deeper in yellow than the second. Also, at one point precipitates began to form along the bottom of the container, which were white in colour and were fatty or oily in type. In conclusion, sample 1 was more successful than sample 2.

After deciding that the sample would not successfully crystallize (at least not during this ISU), I decided to analyze the sample in different solvents to get a better understanding of its properties. The results are as follows:
Fig. 12 Analysis of Linaria sample:

SOLVENT
Ethanol-water Butanol-water Ethanol Butanol
-white in the - orange circle in - completely white - yellow in the
center center in center center
-yellow surrou- - yellow circle around - yellow splashes - white around it
nding it it around and outside
- white surrounding boundary
both circles
-2 components - 3 components - 2 components - 2 components
separated separated separated separated
Diagrams:

Sample Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis:

This procedure was attempted in anticipation that that crystallization would not be successful. I believed that I did manage to extract glucosides from the sample as well as other flavonoids that were soluble in the sodium chloride - water solution. It was surprising to note that once the sample was dissolved, it was no longer a green colour but rather a greenish-yellow, and darker toward the bottom of the beaker. Therefore, it is likely that linarin had also been extracted as well.

Fig. 13
Results Of the sample - solvent solution

- Greenish-brownish solution
- Green powder-like substances floating around
- Darker colour towards the bottom of the beaker Diagram:

So far, the results had been promising, however before I could begin performing chromatography on the sample, it had become contaminated with bacteria which could not be centrifuged and removed. Thus, the sample had degraded too much to advance to the next step.